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		<title>Stamen maps with spplot</title>
		<link>http://procomun.wordpress.com/2013/04/24/stamen-maps-with-spplot/</link>
		<comments>http://procomun.wordpress.com/2013/04/24/stamen-maps-with-spplot/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Apr 2013 13:22:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Oscar Perpiñán Lamigueiro</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[R-english]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[R-project]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[visualization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ggmap]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ggplot2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[google map]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[maps]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[openstreetmap]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[photovoltaics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[proportional symbol]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[R]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spplot]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[stamen]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://procomun.wordpress.com/?p=1299</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Several R packages provide an interface to query map services (Google Maps, Stamen Maps or OpenStreetMap) to obtain raster images &#8230;<p><a href="http://procomun.wordpress.com/2013/04/24/stamen-maps-with-spplot/">Continuar leyendo &#187;</a></p><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=procomun.wordpress.com&#038;blog=11887306&#038;post=1299&#038;subd=procomun&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Several R packages provide an interface to query map services (<a href="http://maps.google.es/">Google Maps</a>, <a href="http://maps.stamen.com/">Stamen Maps</a> or <a href="www.openstreetmap.org">OpenStreetMap</a>) to obtain raster images from them. As far as I know, there are three packages devoted to this task: <a href="http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RgoogleMaps/index.html">RgoogleMaps</a>, <a href="http://blog.fellstat.com/?p=356">OpenStreetMap</a> and <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/davidkahle/ggmap">ggmap</a>. The latter two are increasingly popular with a wide collection of providers.</p>
<p>Both of them use the background image to configure the graphical window defining functions (<code>automap</code> and <code>ggmap</code>, respectively) to display the images with <a href="http://ggplot2.org/">ggplot2</a>. Additional information can be layered upon this background image with ggplot2 functions. In my opinion, this approach is somewhat strange. I feel more comfortable with the approach implemented in the <code>spplot</code> function of the <code>sp</code> package, which relies on the main data to be displayed to configure the graphical window instead of using an auxiliary image as the starting point.</p>
<p>Although none of these two packages include functions to work with <code>spplot</code>, it is not difficult to build a mixed solution. The key point is that the result of their queries is mainly a raster image which can be easily displayed with the <code>grid.raster</code> <a href="http://journal.r-project.org/archive/2011-1/RJournal_2011-1_Murrell.pdf">function</a> after some corrections.</p>
<p>The next code displays the location of the photovoltaic systems installed in California grouped by nominal power using data available from the <a href="openpv.nrel.gov">OpenPV project</a>. The procedure is:</p>
<ul>
<li>Download the data and define the coordinates and projection.</li>
<li>Download an image from the Stamen Maps service according to the spatial extent of the data (this example uses <code>ggmap</code> but a similar approach can be followed with the <code>OpenStreetMap</code> package).</li>
<li>Use grid.raster to display the image using the coordinates of its corners to define the width, height and center location.</li>
<li>Display the variable with circles of different sizes and colours over the background image.</li>
</ul>
<p><script src="https://gist.github.com/oscarperpinan/5451682.js"></script></p>
<p><a href="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/stamen_spplot.png"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1301" alt="stamen_spplot" src="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/stamen_spplot.png?w=529&#038;h=529" width="529" height="529" /></a></p>
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		<slash:comments>4</slash:comments>
	
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		<title>Using data.table for binning</title>
		<link>http://procomun.wordpress.com/2013/04/22/using-data-table-for-binning/</link>
		<comments>http://procomun.wordpress.com/2013/04/22/using-data-table-for-binning/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Apr 2013 12:27:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Oscar Perpiñán Lamigueiro</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[R-english]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[R-project]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[visualization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[big data]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bigvis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[data.table]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gists]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[R]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://procomun.wordpress.com/?p=1293</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I discovered the impressive data.table package more than a year ago. In order to learn how to use it, I &#8230;<p><a href="http://procomun.wordpress.com/2013/04/22/using-data-table-for-binning/">Continuar leyendo &#187;</a></p><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=procomun.wordpress.com&#038;blog=11887306&#038;post=1293&#038;subd=procomun&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I discovered the impressive <code>data.table</code> <a title="data.table" href="http://datatable.r-forge.r-project.org/">package</a> more than a year ago. In order to learn how to use it, I try to find a solution to some questions I read at mailing lists or at stackoverflow. My last experiment has been inspired by the <a title="bigvis" href="https://github.com/hadley/bigvis">bigvis</a> package and its associated <a href="http://vita.had.co.nz/papers/bigvis.pdf" title="bigvis paper">paper</a>. This package is a proposal for exploratory data analysis of large datasets following the workflow of binning, summarizing and display.<br />
Please note that I am neither trying to mimic the behavior of <code>bigvis</code> nor comparing both packages. It is only an excuse to learn more about <code>data.table</code> and this post shows the code I have used.<br />
The first part of my experiment deals with one-dimensional data:</p>
<p><script src="https://gist.github.com/oscarperpinan/5434094.js"></script></p>
<p><a href="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/dt1d.png"><img src="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/dt1d.png?w=529" alt="dt1d"   class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1294" /></a><br />
The second part is more sophisticated. It uses the <code>movie</code> dataset to show how to carry out 2D binning.</p>
<p><script src="https://gist.github.com/oscarperpinan/5434116.js"></script></p>
<p><a href="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/dt2d.png"><img src="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/dt2d.png?w=529" alt="dt2d"   class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1295" /></a></p>
<p>Some key points I have learned about <code>data.table</code>:</p>
<ul>
<li> <code>:=</code> to add, remove or modify by reference (avoids memory overhead since it does not make additional copies)</li>
<li> <code>.N</code> and <code>.SD</code> symbols for grouping</li>
</ul>
<p>Still learning!</p>
<br />  <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=procomun.wordpress.com&#038;blog=11887306&#038;post=1293&#038;subd=procomun&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></content:encoded>
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		<item>
		<title>Material didáctico sobre R</title>
		<link>http://procomun.wordpress.com/2013/03/19/material-didactico-sobre-r/</link>
		<comments>http://procomun.wordpress.com/2013/03/19/material-didactico-sobre-r/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 19 Mar 2013 12:47:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Oscar Perpiñán Lamigueiro</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[emacs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[R-castellano]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cursos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[github]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[R]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[uned]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://procomun.wordpress.com/?p=1285</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Durante los últimos meses he tenido la oportunidad de impartir varios cursos sobre R, destacando un curso introductorio y otro &#8230;<p><a href="http://procomun.wordpress.com/2013/03/19/material-didactico-sobre-r/">Continuar leyendo &#187;</a></p><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=procomun.wordpress.com&#038;blog=11887306&#038;post=1285&#038;subd=procomun&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Durante los últimos meses he tenido la oportunidad de impartir varios cursos sobre R, destacando un curso introductorio y otro avanzado para profesores e investigadores de la UNED. El material que he preparado está disponible para libre uso en un repositorio de <a href="http://github.com" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>. He optado por un enfoque práctico, usando muchos ejemplos e incluyendo enlaces a diversas fuentes de información para facilitar el aprendizaje autónomo.<br />
Desde la <a href="http://oscarperpinan.github.com/intro/" title="Intro en GitHub">página web</a> del proyecto se pueden descargar las diapositivas en PDF, el código R, e incluso los archivos de <a href="http://orgmode.org/" title="orgmode">org-mode</a> que he utilizado para generar el material. Es posible descargar el <a href="https://github.com/oscarperpinan/intro/archive/master.zip" title="ZIP">repositorio completo en un fichero ZIP</a>.</p>
<br />  <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=procomun.wordpress.com&#038;blog=11887306&#038;post=1285&#038;subd=procomun&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>8</slash:comments>
	
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		<title>Vector fields with streamlines</title>
		<link>http://procomun.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/vector-fields-with-streamlines/</link>
		<comments>http://procomun.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/vector-fields-with-streamlines/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Jan 2013 17:25:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Oscar Perpiñán Lamigueiro</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[R-english]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[R-project]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[visualization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[streamline]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vector field]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[A new version of rasterVis is available at CRAN. This version includes several bug fixes and a new method to &#8230;<p><a href="http://procomun.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/vector-fields-with-streamlines/">Continuar leyendo &#187;</a></p><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=procomun.wordpress.com&#038;blog=11887306&#038;post=1271&#038;subd=procomun&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A new version of <a href="http://rastervis.r-forge.r-project.org">rasterVis</a> is available at <a href="http://cran.r-project.org/package=rasterVis">CRAN</a>. This version includes several bug fixes and a new method to display <a href="http://rastervis.r-forge.r-project.org/#vectorplot">vector fields</a> with streamlines. Streamlines, a family of curves that are tangent to the vector field, show the direction an element (<i>droplet</i>) will follow under the effect of the field.<br />
<code>streamplot</code> displays streamlines with a procedure inspired by the <a href="http://christl.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/vis/dynsys/frolic/frolic_crc.pdf">FROLIC algorithm</a>: for each point (<i>droplet</i>) of a jittered regular grid, a short streamline portion (<i>streamlet</i>) is calculated by integrating the underlying vector field at that point. The main color of each streamlet indicates local vector magnitude (<code>slope</code>). Besides, streamlets are composed of points whose sizes, positions and color degradation encode the local vector direction (<code>aspect</code>).</p>
<pre class="brush: r; light: false; title: ; notranslate">
proj &lt;- CRS('+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84')
df &lt;- expand.grid(x=seq(-2, 2, .01), y=seq(-2, 2, .01))

df$z &lt;- with(df, (3*x^2 + y)*exp(-x^2-y^2))
r &lt;- rasterFromXYZ(df, crs=proj)

streamplot(r)
</pre>
<p><a href="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/streamplot.png"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1273" alt="streamplot" src="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/streamplot.png?w=529"   /></a></p>
<p><code>streamplot</code> accepts two arguments (<code>droplets and <code>streamlets</code>) to control the number of droplets, the length of the streamlets and the streamlet calculation step. The streamlet colour palette and the panel background color are defined with an specific theme for <code>streamplot</code>, <code>streamTheme</code>. The default options can be changed easily: </code></p>
<pre class="brush: r; light: false; title: ; notranslate">
df$z &lt;- with(df, sqrt(x^2 + y^2))
df$phi &lt;- with(df, atan2(-y, x))
r2 &lt;- rasterFromXYZ(df, crs=proj)

streamplot(r2, isField=TRUE, streamlet=list(L=30), droplet=list(pc=.3),
           par.settings=streamTheme(symbol=brewer.pal(n=5, name='Reds')))
</pre>
<p><a href="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/streamplotreds.png"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1274" alt="streamplotReds" src="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/streamplotreds.png?w=529"   /></a></p>
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		<title>Tooltips with R and jQuery</title>
		<link>http://procomun.wordpress.com/2013/01/04/tooltips-with-r/</link>
		<comments>http://procomun.wordpress.com/2013/01/04/tooltips-with-r/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Jan 2013 02:07:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Oscar Perpiñán Lamigueiro</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[R-english]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[R-project]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[visualization]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://procomun.wordpress.com/?p=1240</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Tooltips appear frequently in webpages, usually associated with JavaScript code. There are several Javascript scripts and libraries to populate your &#8230;<p><a href="http://procomun.wordpress.com/2013/01/04/tooltips-with-r/">Continuar leyendo &#187;</a></p><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=procomun.wordpress.com&#038;blog=11887306&#038;post=1240&#038;subd=procomun&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooltip">Tooltips</a> appear frequently in webpages, usually associated with <code>JavaScript</code> code. There are several <code>Javascript</code> scripts and libraries to populate your webpage with tooltips. In this post I will show how to use <a href="http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/gridSVG/index.html">gridSVG</a> to enhance a graphic produced with R to show tooltips with the library <a href="http://jquery.com/">jQuery</a> and its plugin <a href="http://calebjacob.com/tooltipster/">tooltipster</a>. </p>
<p> The first step is to produce the graphic. We will use a custom <code>panel</code> function which assigns unique identifiers to each element. </p>
<pre class="brush: r; light: false; title: ; notranslate">
panel.circles &lt;- function(x, y, identifier,...){
    for (i in seq_along(x)){
    grid.circle(x[i], y[i], r=unit(5, &#039;mm&#039;),
                default.units=&#039;native&#039;,
                ## Add the identifier
                name = paste(&#039;myPoint&#039;, identifier[i], sep=&#039;.&#039;), 
                gp=gpar(fill=&#039;gray&#039;,...))
    }}
</pre>
<pre class="brush: r; light: false; title: ; notranslate">
library(gridSVG)
library(lattice)

x &lt;- rnorm(10)
y &lt;- rnorm(10)
id &lt;- seq_along(x)
df &lt;- data.frame(x, y, id)

xyplot(y ~ x, data=df,
       panel=panel.circles,
       ## Identifier of each circle
       identifier=df$id)
</pre>
<p> The <code>tooltipster</code> plugin will use the content of the title attribute of each element to show the tooltip. Therefore we visit each circle to add content to the title attribute with <code>grid.garnish</code>.   </p>
<pre class="brush: r; light: false; title: ; notranslate">
for (i in 1:nrow(df)){
  idPoint &lt;- df[i, &quot;id&quot;]
  ## Each circle is identified with myPoint.1, myPoint.2,etc.
  namePoint &lt;- paste('myPoint', idPoint, sep='.')
  point &lt;- signif(df[i, ], 2)
  ## Text to be included in the 'title' attribute
  info &lt;- paste('x = ', point$x, 
                   '&lt;br /&gt;y = ', point$y, 
                   '&lt;br /&gt;ID = ', idPoint, sep='')
  imageURL &lt;- 'http://developer.r-project.org/Logo/Rlogo-5.png'
  imageInfo &lt;- paste(&quot;&lt;img src=&quot;, imageURL, &quot; width='50' /&gt;&quot;, sep='')
  tooltip &lt;- paste(imageInfo, info, sep='&lt;br /&gt;')
  grid.garnish(namePoint, title=tooltip)
}

</pre>
<p> Next step is to add <code>JavaScript</code> code to the graphic with the <code>grid.script</code> function. The <code>jQuery</code> library can be loaded with being downloaded. However, you need a local copy of the <code>tooltipster</code> plugin. Next code assumes that this local copy is located in a folder named <code>js</code>. </p>
<pre class="brush: r; light: false; title: ; notranslate">
## jQuery
grid.script(file='http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.0/jquery.min.js')
## tooltipster (downloaded from http://calebjacob.com/tooltipster/)
grid.script(file='js/jquery.tooltipster.min.js')
</pre>
<p> An additional small <code>JavaScript</code> code is needed to join them all. It is a simple <code>jQuery</code> filter that triggers a tooltip when an object whose <code>id</code> begins with <code>myPoint</code> is hovered over. For details about <code>fixedWidth</code>, <code>arrow</code> and <code>followMouse</code> you should visit the <a href="http://calebjacob.com/tooltipster/">tooltipster</a> webpage. </p>
<pre class="brush: jscript; light: false; title: ; notranslate">
$(document).ready(function() {
    $('[id^=&quot;myPoint&quot;]').tooltipster({
        fixedWidth: 120,
        arrow: false,
        followMouse: true
    });
});
</pre>
<p> Save this code in a file named <code>myTooltipLattice.js</code> (for example) under the <code>js/</code> folder. Then you can add it to the graphic with <code>grid.script</code>. </p>
<pre class="brush: r; light: false; title: ; notranslate">
grid.script(file='js/myTooltipLattice.js')
</pre>
<p> Last step is to produce the SVG file and include it in a basic HTML page. If you wish you can change the title of this page and modify the tooltip CSS configuration using the <code>tooltipster.css</code> file (included in the <code>tooltipster</code> plugin). </p>
<pre class="brush: r; light: false; title: ; notranslate">
gridToSVG('tooltipLattice.svg')

htmlBegin &lt;- '&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
  &lt;html&gt;
  &lt;head&gt;
  &lt;title&gt;Tooltips with jQuery and gridSVG&lt;/title&gt;
  &lt;link rel=&quot;stylesheet&quot; type=&quot;text/css&quot; href=&quot;css/tooltipster.css&quot; /&gt;
  &lt;/head&gt;
  &lt;body&gt;'

htmlEnd &lt;- '&lt;/body&gt;
  &lt;/html&gt;'

svgText &lt;- paste(readLines('tooltipLattice.svg'), collapse='\n')

writeLines(paste(htmlBegin, svgText, htmlEnd, sep='\n'),
             'tooltipLattice.html')
</pre>
<p>The result is available <a href="http://oscarperpinan.github.com/posts/tooltips/tooltipLattice.html">here</a>.<br />
<a href="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/tooltip.png"><img src="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/tooltip.png?w=529&#038;h=515" alt="tooltip" width="529" height="515" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1255" /></a></p>
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		<title>Label placement with spplot and lattice</title>
		<link>http://procomun.wordpress.com/2012/12/29/label-placement-lattice/</link>
		<comments>http://procomun.wordpress.com/2012/12/29/label-placement-lattice/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Dec 2012 23:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Oscar Perpiñán Lamigueiro</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[R-english]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[R-project]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[visualization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[label]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lattice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lines]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[maptools]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[points]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[R]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spplot]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://procomun.wordpress.com/?p=1212</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The package maptools includes new functions to label points and labels. Line labelling The lineLabel function produces and draws text &#8230;<p><a href="http://procomun.wordpress.com/2012/12/29/label-placement-lattice/">Continuar leyendo &#187;</a></p><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=procomun.wordpress.com&#038;blog=11887306&#038;post=1212&#038;subd=procomun&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The package <code>maptools</code> includes new functions to label points and labels.  </p>
<div id="outline-container-1" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-1">Line labelling</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<p> The <code>lineLabel</code> function produces and draws text <code>grobs</code> following the paths defined by a list of <code>Line</code> objects. The <code>sp.lineLabel</code> methods use this function to work easily with <code>spplot</code>. Let&#8217;s use the <code>meuse</code> data to illustrate how to use it: </p>
<pre class="brush: r; light: false; title: ; notranslate">
data(meuse.grid)
coordinates(meuse.grid) = ~x+y
proj4string(meuse.grid) &lt;- CRS(&quot;+init=epsg:28992&quot;)
gridded(meuse.grid) = TRUE


data(meuse)
coordinates(meuse) = ~x+y
data(meuse.riv)
## Create a SpatialLines object with ID=1
meuse.sl &lt;- SpatialLines(list(Lines(list(Line(meuse.riv)), &quot;1&quot;)))

library(RColorBrewer)
myCols &lt;- adjustcolor(colorRampPalette(brewer.pal(n=9, 'Reds'))(100), .85)

## label is a wrapper to build a character vector with names
## according to the SpatialLines ID's
labs &lt;- label(meuse.sl, 'Meuse River')</pre>
<p> With <code>textloc</code> you can choose where the label must be located. For example, with <code>maxDepth</code> the label will start at the point where the line reaches its maximum depth: </p>
<pre class="brush: r; light: false; title: ; notranslate">
sl1 &lt;- list('sp.lineLabel', meuse.sl, label=labs,
            position='below', textloc='maxDepth',
            spar=.2,
            col='darkblue', cex=1,
            fontfamily='Palatino',
            fontface=2)

spplot(meuse.grid[&quot;dist&quot;],
       col.regions=myCols, 
       sp.layout = sl1)</pre>
<p> <img src="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/wpid-linelabelmaxdepth.jpg?w=529" alt="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/wpid-linelabelmaxdepth.jpg?w=529" /> </p>
<p> The default is to place the label in a stable region where the sign of the slope remains constant. </p>
<pre class="brush: r; light: false; title: ; notranslate">
sl2 &lt;- modifyList(sl1, list(textloc = 'constantSlope'))

spplot(meuse.grid[&quot;dist&quot;],
       col.regions=myCols, 
       sp.layout = sl2)</pre>
<p> <img src="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/wpid-linelabelconstantslope.jpg?w=529" alt="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/wpid-linelabelconstantslope.jpg?w=529" /> </p>
<p> But you can define the label location with a numeric index relative to the line length: </p>
<pre class="brush: r; light: false; title: ; notranslate">
sl3 &lt;- modifyList(sl1, list(textloc = 140, position='above'))

spplot(meuse.grid[&quot;dist&quot;],
       col.regions=myCols, 
       sp.layout = sl3)</pre>
<p> <img src="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/wpid-linelabelnumeric.jpg?w=529" alt="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/wpid-linelabelnumeric.jpg?w=529" /> </p>
<p> There is a more <a href="http://oscarperpinan.github.com/spacetime-vis/images/brazil.pdf">sophisticated example</a> in the <a href="http://oscarperpinan.github.com/spacetime-vis/spatial.html">Spatial Data</a> chapter of <a href="http://oscarperpinan.github.com/spacetime-vis/">my forthcoming book</a>. </p>
</p></div>
</p></div>
<div id="outline-container-2" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-2">Point labelling</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
<p> This package already provided the <code>pointLabel</code> function with optimization routines to find good locations for point labels without overlaps. This function, useful for base graphics, has been adapted to work with <code>lattice</code> graphics and with the <code>spplot</code> functions. </p>
<p> You will find the <code>panel.pointLabel</code> to use with <code>xyplot</code> and the rest of the <code>lattice</code> family: </p>
<pre class="brush: r; light: false; title: ; notranslate">
library(maptools)
library(lattice)

n &lt;- 15
x &lt;- rnorm(n)*10
y &lt;- rnorm(n)*10
labels &lt;- as.character(round(x, 5))


myTheme &lt;- list(add.text=list(
                  cex=0.7,
                  col='midnightblue',
                  fontface=2,
                  fontfamily='mono'))

xyplot(y~x,
       labels=labels,
       par.settings=myTheme, 
       panel=function(x, y, labels, ...){
         panel.xyplot(x, y, ...)
         panel.pointLabel(x, y, labels=labels, ...)
       })
</pre>
<p> <img src="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/wpid-pointlabel.jpg?w=529" alt="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/wpid-pointlabel.jpg?w=529" /> </p>
<p> And there is the <code>sp.pointLabel</code> method to be combined with <code>spplot</code>: </p>
<pre class="brush: r; light: false; title: ; notranslate">
data(meuse.grid)
coordinates(meuse.grid) = ~x+y
proj4string(meuse.grid) &lt;- CRS(&quot;+init=epsg:28992&quot;)
gridded(meuse.grid) = TRUE

library(RColorBrewer)
myCols &lt;- adjustcolor(colorRampPalette(brewer.pal(n=9, 'Reds'))(100), .85)

pts &lt;- spsample(meuse.grid, n=15, type=&quot;random&quot;)

## Let's print the name of some R authors 
Rauthors &lt;- readLines(file.path(R.home(&quot;doc&quot;), &quot;AUTHORS&quot;))[9:28]
someAuthors &lt;- Rauthors[seq_along(pts)]

sl1 &lt;- list('sp.points', pts, pch=19, cex=.8, col='midnightblue')
sl2 &lt;- list('sp.pointLabel', pts, label=someAuthors,
            cex=0.7, col='midnightblue',
            fontfamily='Palatino')

spplot(meuse.grid[&quot;dist&quot;], col.regions=myCols, sp.layout=list(sl1, sl2))</pre>
<p> <img src="//procomun.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/wpid-sppointlabel.jpg" alt="http://procomun.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/wpid-sppointlabel.jpg" /> </p>
<p> There is a more <a href="http://oscarperpinan.github.com/spacetime-vis/images/cedeiraOsmar.pdf">sophisticated example</a> in the <a href="http://oscarperpinan.github.com/spacetime-vis/spatial.html">Spatial Data</a> chapter of <a href="http://oscarperpinan.github.com/spacetime-vis/">my forthcoming book</a>. </p>
</p></div>
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		<title>Spatial Data visualization with R</title>
		<link>http://procomun.wordpress.com/2012/11/27/spatial-data-r/</link>
		<comments>http://procomun.wordpress.com/2012/11/27/spatial-data-r/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Nov 2012 22:52:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Oscar Perpiñán Lamigueiro</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[R-english]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[R-project]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[visualization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lattice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[maps]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[open data]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[openstreetmap]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[R]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spatial data]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tooltip]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://procomun.wordpress.com/?p=1177</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I have published the first version of the code and main figures of the &#8220;Spatial Data&#8221; chapter of the forthcoming &#8230;<p><a href="http://procomun.wordpress.com/2012/11/27/spatial-data-r/">Continuar leyendo &#187;</a></p><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=procomun.wordpress.com&#038;blog=11887306&#038;post=1177&#038;subd=procomun&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have published the first version of the code and main figures of the &#8220;<a href="http://oscarperpinan.github.com/spacetime-vis/spatial.html">Spatial Data</a>&#8221; chapter of the forthcoming book &#8220;<a href="http://oscarperpinan.github.com/spacetime-vis/">Displaying time series, spatial and space-time data with R</a>&#8220;.</p>
<p>In this chapter I have included a collection of different techniques. For example, you will find a proportional symbol map with tooltips (click on this image to open the map with tooltips)</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><a href="http://oscarperpinan.github.com/spacetime-vis/airMadrid.html"><img class="aligncenter" title="Click me!" src="http://oscarperpinan.github.com/spacetime-vis/images/airMadrid.png" /></a></p>
<p>or a reference map combining data from <a href="www.openstreetmap.org">OpenStreetMap</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartographic_relief_depiction#Shaded_relief">hill shading</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><a href="http://oscarperpinan.github.com/spacetime-vis/spatial.html"><img class="aligncenter" alt="Click me!" src="http://oscarperpinan.github.com/spacetime-vis/images/cedeiraOsmar.png" /></a></p>
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		<item>
		<title>Los datos de AEMET o cómo hacer web scraping con R</title>
		<link>http://procomun.wordpress.com/2012/10/31/aemet-web-scraping-con-r/</link>
		<comments>http://procomun.wordpress.com/2012/10/31/aemet-web-scraping-con-r/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 2012 14:03:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Oscar Perpiñán Lamigueiro</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Datos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[R-castellano]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AEMET]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HTML]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[open data]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[R]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[radiación solar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[XML]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://procomun.wordpress.com/?p=1157</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hace unos días AEMET cerró el acceso público a sus servidores FTP. Esta decisión contrasta con las estrategias de open &#8230;<p><a href="http://procomun.wordpress.com/2012/10/31/aemet-web-scraping-con-r/">Continuar leyendo &#187;</a></p><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=procomun.wordpress.com&#038;blog=11887306&#038;post=1157&#038;subd=procomun&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hace unos días <a href="http://www.aemet.es/es/portada">AEMET</a> <a href="http://sociedad.elpais.com/sociedad/2012/10/29/actualidad/1351532849_517117.html">cerró el acceso público</a> a sus servidores <a class="zem_slink" title="File Transfer Protocol" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" target="_blank" rel="wikipedia">FTP</a>. Esta decisión contrasta con las estrategias de <em><a class="zem_slink" title="Open data" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_data" target="_blank" rel="wikipedia">open data</a></em> defendidas desde la <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/psi/index_en.htm">Comisión Europea</a>, o con las posiciones adoptadas por otros organismos (por ejemplo, <a href="http://www.cmsaf.eu/bvbw/appmanager/bvbw/cmsafInternet">CM-SAF</a> o <a href="http://www.nrel.gov/midc/">NREL-MIDC</a>).</p>
<p>Afortunadamente, los datos publicados por AEMET hasta el 28 de Octubre de este año han sido recopilados en la página web <a href="http://www.tiempodiario.com/">tiempodiario.com</a>. Con mis limitados conocimientos de HTML y la inestimable ayuda del paquete <a href="http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/XML/">XML</a>, he aprendido a acceder a la información de radiación solar de manera automática con R. Expongo a continuación lo que he conseguido. Debo avisar de que no siempre funciona bien el acceso a las páginas, y es posible que se produzca un error en el bucle. Una posible solución es reiniciar el bucle a partir del enlace problemático, o añadir controles de error con try:</p>
<pre class="brush: r; title: ; notranslate">
library(XML)
library(zoo)

mainURL &lt;- 'http://www.tiempodiario.com'
radURL &lt;- 'http://www.tiempodiario.com/radiacion/'

## Días disponibles en tiempodiario.com
days &lt;- seq(as.POSIXct('2010-12-05'), as.POSIXct('2012-10-28'), by='day')


for (i in seq_along(days)){
  day &lt;- days[i]
  dayURL &lt;- paste(radURL, format(day, '%Y/%m/%d'), '/', sep='')

  ## Obtengo el contenido HTML de la página del día en cuestión
  content &lt;- htmlParse(dayURL, encoding='utf8')
  ## y extraigo los enlaces a cada estación para ese día
  links &lt;- xpathSApply(content, &quot;//a/@href&quot;)
  linksData &lt;- links[grep('radiacion-estacion', links)]
  ## Los nombres de las estaciones están escritos en los encabezados H2
  h2 &lt;- xpathSApply(content, &quot;//h2&quot;)
  namesStations &lt;- sapply(h2[-1], function(s){
    val &lt;- xmlValue(s)
    substr(val, 10, nchar(val))
  })
  ## pero sus códigos de identificación están en los enlaces correspondientes
  idStation &lt;- strsplit(linksData, '/')
  idStations &lt;- sapply(idStation, function(x)x[4])

  dayStationURL &lt;- paste(mainURL, linksData, sep='')

  ## Accedo a la página de cada estación para ese día
  zList &lt;- lapply(dayStationURL, function(ds){
    print(ds)
    ## Obtengo el contenido HTML de la página
    content &lt;- htmlParse(ds, encoding='utf8')
    ## y extraigo las tablas
    tabs &lt;- readHTMLTable(content, header=TRUE)
    ## Cada tabla codifica el índice temporal en la primera
    ## columna. A pesar de usar header=TRUE, la primera fila
    ## contiene el nombre las columnas. De ahí que tenga que usar
    ## -1 en el indexado.
    time &lt;- tabs[[1]][-1,1]
    dayTime &lt;- format(as.POSIXct(paste(day, time)), '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
    ## El nombre de la variable de cada tabla está codificado en
    ## los encabezados H2
    h2 &lt;- getNodeSet(content, '//h2')
    tabLabels &lt;- sapply(h2, xmlValue)
    ## Sólo me quedaré con las radiación difusa, directa y global
    radVars &lt;- c('Radiación Difusa (DF)',
                 'Radiación Directa (DT)',
                 'Radiación Global (GL)')
    whichTabs &lt;- which(tabLabels %in% radVars)
    ## Extraigo la información de las tablas seleccionadas. Dado
    ## que la primera fila contiene los nombres de las columnas,
    ## todo el contenido es leído como un &quot;factor&quot;. De ahí que
    ## tenga que usar la conversión as.character y después
    ## as.numeric.
    dat &lt;- sapply(tabs[whichTabs],
                  function(tab)as.numeric(as.character(tab[-1, 2])))
    ## Finalmente, si todo ha ido bien, construyo un objeto zoo
    ## para almacenar la serie temporal de esta estación para este
    ## día. Si algo no ha funcionado obtendré NULL.
    if (length(dat) &gt; 0 &amp; !is.list(dat)) {
      z &lt;- zoo(dat, as.POSIXct(dayTime))
      names(z) &lt;- tabLabels[whichTabs]
      } else {
        z &lt;- NULL
        }
    z
  })
  ## El resultado de lapply será una lista de objetos zoo, uno
  ## para cada estación. Pongo los nombres de las estaciones a
  ## cada componente de esta lista y grabo el resultado como un
  ## fichero RData.
  names(zList) &lt;- make.names(namesStations)
  save(zList, file=paste(day, 'RData', sep='.'))
  ## Este código se repetirá para cada día, de forma que obtendré
  ## un conjunto de ficheros RData, uno por día. Cada uno de ellos
  ## contiene una lista de zoo's, correspondiendo cada componente
  ## de la lista a una estación de medida.
}
</pre>
<p>Una vez ejecutado el código anterior obtendremos una colección de ficheros diarios. Si nos interesa tener el registro completo de una estación determinada, es posible obtenerlo recorriendo todos los ficheros:</p>
<pre class="brush: r; title: ; notranslate">
## Ficheros que he obtenido del bucle anterior.
files &lt;- dir(pattern='RData')

## Por ejemplo, para obtener el registro de la estación de
## Valladolid, recorro todos los ficheros con lapply, y extraigo
## de cada uno el componente que me interesa.
valladolid &lt;- lapply(files, FUN=function(f){
                     load(f)
                     dat &lt;- zList$Valladolid
                     })
## El resultado de lapply será una lista de objetos zoo, que puedo
## transformar en un único objeto zoo con do.call
valladolid &lt;- do.call(rbind, valladolid)
</pre>
<p>Con otro bucle adicional se puede automatizar el paso anterior y obtener toda la colección de estaciones:</p>
<pre class="brush: r; title: ; notranslate">
stations &lt;- names(zList)

lapply(stations, FUN=function(name){
  datStation &lt;- lapply(files, FUN=function(f){
    load(f)
    dat &lt;- zList[[name]]
  })
  datStation &lt;- do.call(rbind, datStation)
  write.zoo(datStation, sep=';', file=paste(name, '.txt', sep=''))
})
</pre>
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		<title>Displaying time series, spatial and space-time data with R</title>
		<link>http://procomun.wordpress.com/2012/07/25/spacetime-vis/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Jul 2012 08:05:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Oscar Perpiñán Lamigueiro</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[R-english]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[visualization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chapman hall]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[github]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[time series]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[During next months I will be working on the book &#8220;Displaying time series, spatial and space-time data with R: stories &#8230;<p><a href="http://procomun.wordpress.com/2012/07/25/spacetime-vis/">Continuar leyendo &#187;</a></p><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=procomun.wordpress.com&#038;blog=11887306&#038;post=1120&#038;subd=procomun&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>During next months I will be working on the book &#8220;<strong><em>Displaying time series, spatial and space-time data with R: stories of space and time</em></strong>&#8221; to be published with <a title="CRC" href="http://www.taylorandfrancis.com/books/series/CRCTHERSER/" target="_blank">Chapman&amp;Hall/CRC</a>. This book will provide methods to display time series, spatial and space-time data using R. The code of each method will be detailed and commented through practical examples with real data.<br />
The R code, data and main graphics will be available at the <a href="http://oscarperpinan.github.com/spacetime-vis" title="github" target="_blank">book website</a>. The code and figures of the &#8220;Time Series&#8221; chapter are already there.<br />
<img src="http://oscarperpinan.github.com/spacetime-vis/images/aranjuezXblocks.png" alt="http://oscarperpinan.github.com/spacetime-vis/images/aranjuezXblocks.png" /></p>
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		<title>Progensa publica &#8220;Diseño de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://procomun.wordpress.com/2012/06/05/progensa-publica-diseno-de-sistemas-fotovoltaicos/</link>
		<comments>http://procomun.wordpress.com/2012/06/05/progensa-publica-diseno-de-sistemas-fotovoltaicos/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 05 Jun 2012 08:41:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Oscar Perpiñán Lamigueiro</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Energía Solar Fotovoltaica]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[latex]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[creative commons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[editorial]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fotovoltaica]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://procomun.wordpress.com/?p=1117</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[La editorial Progensa acaba de publicar el libro &#8220;Diseño de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos&#8221;. Este libro es una versión adaptada de mi &#8230;<p><a href="http://procomun.wordpress.com/2012/06/05/progensa-publica-diseno-de-sistemas-fotovoltaicos/">Continuar leyendo &#187;</a></p><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=procomun.wordpress.com&#038;blog=11887306&#038;post=1117&#038;subd=procomun&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>La editorial <a title="Progensa" href="http://www.progensa.es/tienda/portada.php">Progensa</a> acaba de publicar el libro &#8220;Diseño de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos&#8221;. Este libro es una versión adaptada <strong>de mi libro <a title="Libro de Energía Solar Fotovoltaica" href="http://procomun.wordpress.com/documentos/libroesf/">&#8220;Energía Solar Fotovoltaica&#8221;</a></strong> elaborada con los profesores Manuel Alonso Castro y Antonio Colmenar en el contexto de los <a title="VOLTA-IEEC-UNED" href="http://volta.ieec.uned.es/programa_ENER.asp" target="_blank">cursos de experto profesional</a> impartidos por  el Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Control de la ETSII-<a title="National University of Distance Education" href="http://www.uned.es/" rel="homepage">UNED.</a></strong></p>
<p><strong>Quiero destacar que la editorial ha publicado el libro bajo una licencia <a title="CC" href="http://creativecommons.org/">Creative Commons</a>.</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.progensa.es/tienda/productos.php"><img class="aligncenter" title="Diseño de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos" src="http://www.progensa.es/img/catalogo/P-723.jpg" alt="" width="201" height="277" /></a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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